Traditional Methods of Performance Appraisal

Performance appraisal is a method of evaluating the behaviour of employees in the work spot, normally both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of job performance. Performance here refers to the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that make up an individual’s job. It indicates how well an individual is fulfilling the job demands. The purpose of performance appraisal is to update the worker on his progress, gauge his behavior and performance, praise good work, and note opportunities for improvement. A poorly conducted appraisal could cause the worker to lose morale, but a constructive performance appraisal can encourage him to go above and beyond the call of duty. People differ in their abilities and their aptitudes. There is always some difference between the quality and quantity of the same work on the same job being done by two different people. Performance appraisals of Employees are necessary to understand each employee’s abilities, competencies and relative merit and worth for the organization. Performance appraisal rates the employees in terms of their performance. The history of performance appraisal can be dated back to the 20th century and then to the second world war when the merit rating was used for the first time. An employer evaluating their employees is a very old concept. Performance appraisals are an indispensable part of performance measurement. Performance appraisal is necessary to measure the performance of the employees and the organization to check the progress towards the desired goals and aims. The latest mantra being followed by organizations across the world being – â€Å"get paid according to what you contribute† – the focus of the organizations is turning to performance management and specifically to individual performance. Performance appraisal helps to rate the performance of the employees and evaluate their contribution towards the organizational goals. If the process of performance appraisals is formal and properly structured, it helps the employees to clearly understand their roles and responsibilities and give direction to the individual’s performance. It helps to align the individual performances with the organizational goals and also review their performance. Performance appraisal systems began as simple methods of income justification. That is, appraisal was used to decide whether or not the salary or wage of an individual employee was justified. The process was firmly linked to material outcomes. If an employee's performance was found to be less than ideal, a cut in pay would follow. On the other hand, if their performance was better than the supervisor expected, a pay rise was in order. Little consideration was given to the developmental possibilities of appraisal, It was felt that a cut in pay, or a rise, should provide the only required impetus for an employee to either improve or continue to perform well.

Men of Power in “The Jungle”

A Summary and Review of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle Upton's Sinclair's book portrayed a wide variety of characters to convey his messages. Only one character can be considered a major character, Jurgis Rudkus. The book revolves around Jurgis' life in Packingtown. The supporting characters, transitioned in and out of the story with great frequency. When Jurgis initially arrives in Packingtown from his native Lithuania he can best be described as being large and powerful. He believes in the work ethic to a point of naivete. His sole answer to any setback: â€Å"I will work harder. † Eventually Jurgis learns that no laborer can make enough to be the sole provider for his family. His only recourse is to send his wife and children out to work. Soon Jurgis begins to discover certain injustices that the meat packers employ to exploit their workers. Workers are worn out by a â€Å"speed-up† system, they are not compensated for illnesses or injury incurred from their work, and they are literally paid by the hour, anything less than a hour does not get compensated. Jurgis, frustrated with the current conditions in the meat packing industry, that uses the men the same way they use swine (every part), joins a Union, as does Marjia, and various other members of his family. Investing money into a home and life into his job gets a Jurgis no where. Positions of power tend to go only to the corrupted characters. Bribes and kickbacks come as commonly as unemployment and job insecurity. He finally realizes that even a physically strong man, willing to work hard, can be beaten by the system; indeed, the system must defeat and discard him as part of its â€Å"progress† through exploitation of people for profits. Eventually his luck runs out and Jurgis is injured upon his the killing beds at the meat packing plant. His foot swells and he has no other recourse but to lay in bed and wait until his foot heals. Ironically, he is free to enjoy the company of his son only when he is laid off from work. In just a few years after immigrating to the country, he is brutalized by circumstances to the point of ruin. His once mighty stature has been reduced to rubble, and looks seedy and wretched. He acts dull and beats young Stanislovas into going to work. After two months of waiting, with bills pilling up, Jurgis goes back to work to find his job filled by another man. Due to his large house payment and the need to eat, Jurgis takes the worst possible job in Packing town, the Glue factory. By this time he has taken to the bottle and has started to move father and farther away from his family. The children have all been put to work, as well as his wife, Ona and his Grandfather-in-law Deda Antonias. To make matters even worse, Jurgis finds out that Ona has been forced have sex with her Boss. This totally enrages Jurgis, he runs to the Packing house to find the boss, Connor, and then beats him savagely. After his arrest he must serve on month in jail. During his stay in jail he meets Jack Duane, and becomes somewhat good friends with him. Within the month his family is in shambles. The children now, for the most part, live on their own, various family member are dead, Ona is about to deliver a child, everyone has lost their jobs, and the house that they struggled so hard for has vanished away. By the time he finds Ona she is in mid child birth and in need of medical assistance. Due to his current lack of funds, Jurgis finds a Dutch lady to deliver his child for $1. 25. Even with the help of the Dutch lady Ona and the child dies. After Ona's death in premature childbirth, their son's dies in an accidental drowning while his father is at work. Jurgis then takes to the country as a tramp. Through his journey in the country he gets somewhat rejuvenated, and returns to his old stature. He works when he needs to, and travels and sleeps when he wants. By winter it becomes obvious to him that he can not survive out in the country for the duration of the winter, and is forced to seek work in the city he left behind. He becomes a bum, and drinks extremely heavily. While begging and wandering through the streets he, falls into a bit of luck and meets a young man named Frederick (â€Å"Freddie†) Jones. Freddie, being the son of rich Old Man Jones, takes Jurgis back to his home, giving Jurgis $100 and the privilege of dining and drinking with him. Eventually when the young man falls asleep, the butler throws Jurgis out. With the hundred dollars firmly in his possession Jurgis decides that the only place he could probably get change for the bill would be at a bar. Jurgis goes into the bar when no one is looking, and asks the bartender to give him change for the bill. The bartender makes him buy a drink, and then hands him a handful of change. Jurgis becomes enraged, and pounces on the man. Jurgis gets arrested again for battery and lands in jail. With the assistance of Jack Duane he drifts into crime and the corrupt world of politics. Jurgis make himself available now as an assistant to a robber or to a political boss rigging elections. Ironically, under these evil conditions, he discovers a new confidence and a talent for management. With a bit of luck and some help from newly acquired acquaintances Jurgis gets a cushy job in the meat packing factory. To keep this job, all Jurgis had to do was get the Democratic ticket elected, making the common man think that it was the best choice. During the 1904 meat packer's strike, he gets a golden opportunity to become a scab and then a typical boss, driving his workers and taking bribes. A chance encounter with Connor proves to be Jurgis' moral salvation. Jurgis gets arrested again for furiously beating his wife's seducer and realizes that he must jump bail. He has proven himself capable once more of moral fury, and he realizes bitterly which side he is really on. Cold and looking for a place to sleep, Jurgis stumbles into a Socialist meeting. He is profoundly moved by an orator who describes the life of the working class and how workers can take active measures to improve society. It dawns on Jurgis that he is entitled to join this movement. â€Å"A new man had been born. † He is no longer an isolated victim of circumstances; â€Å"he would have friends and allies. † Finally Jurgis reunites with Marjia, a doped up prostitute supporting the remains of his family. They have definitely become two different types of people. Her the victim, and him the fighter, still struggling for justice. With the idea, that he might be able to once again support his family Jurgis goes out in search of a job. Apparently by luck, he finds a job in a hotel, run by socialists. By the end of the book Upton Sinclair, through Jurgis and various other characters, makes various speeches, and arguments for the use of Socialism with opposition to capitalism. Personal conflict was not the key theme of this book, but rather social conflict within the corporate structures. There is, however, some conflict among various characters. The most notable instance occurs when Jurgis batters his wife's Boss Connor, upon two occasions. This is his way to release his rage and anger at the man who abused, seduced, and molested his wife. Jurgis also has a conflicting view on how he looked at the people in the factories. He saw them as weak and lazy people, complaining because they could not handle their jobs. After the death of his wife and child, Jurgis goes on as self-destructive rampage through the city and the country. Not only does Jurgis conflict with others he finds himself in conflict with the legal system, and the factory system. This causes him to make a mental shift to socialism. This also brings up the conflicting types of government, Socialism vs. Capitalism, in a obviously biased portrayal. The most important message of conflict that Upton Sinclair wanted to deliver was his idea that the individual is constantly conflicting with the trusts and work machines that enslave him. The Jungle contains numerous themes which create the perfect atmosphere for Upton Sinclair's tragic book. In 1900 – 1904, industrialized America is a jungle. The only real law is the law of the jungle: might makes right. The main problem is that the economic system fosters greed and ruthless competition as a way of life. Greed prompts people to sell spoiled meat, engage in false advertising, pollute, bribe and be bribed. In such a system, the hired worker lives at a distinct disadvantage. He is trapped, exploited, and cheated by employers who, in competition with other employers, must consider profits more important than people. The worker in early twentieth-century America is brutalized and stultified. Only that part of his personality needed to perform a monotonous task is kept alive; the rest is crushed. Under these conditions, love is reduced to mere bestiality; the tender aspects of marriage and the raising of children are harshly overshadowed by the agonies of the economic struggle; and indeed, marriage itself becomes an economic trap. Big Business has complete control of, but no responsibility for, the well-being of the masses. Big Business ultimately, deviously, controls government and the courts for its own benefit. In order to foster its corruption of politics, Big Business needs and thrives on crime and ultimately works in alliance with the criminal world. Capitalist democracy is therefore a fraud, a contradiction in terms. There can be no true democracy in a society controlled by one class with hereditary economic power. Turn-of-the-century immigrants to America were lured into a trap. They were attracted by promises of economic well-being and political equality; instead, they were sacrificed on the altar of â€Å"progress,† the generation that built industrial society for its native owners. â€Å"Here, precisely as in Russia [1904] . . . rich men owned everything. † American greatness is due to exploitation. If we are the greatest nation the sun has ever shone upon, it would seem to be mainly because we have been able to goad wage earners to [a] pitch of frenzy. † By using the characters in the meat-packing industry, Upton Sinclair is able to portray his Socialistic messages. In the end, Jurgis' life is turned around because the character finds true â€Å"freedom† and happiness in Socialism. The entire book is a large piece of propaganda supporting Socialism. To say that it was only meant to be a piece of propaganda would be ignorant, and foolish upon any readers part. Through his characters, Mr. Sinclair exposes a corrupt and brutal system in which on the law of the jungle reigns true. This belief is maintained by every single character in the piece. The author obvious had strong beliefs and motives for writing this book. Mr. Sinclair used his beliefs on socialism to provided an answer to how America trusts could be broken up. This book, (from American History Class) aided the common man to understand the horrid conditions of the meat packing industry, as did books like Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beacher Stowe, ironically a white woman fighting for the freedom of slaves in the 19th century.

Violence against Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Violence against Women - Essay Example Silko talks about the issue of violence against woman in a very candid manner. I partially agree with Silko that women should not label themselves as weak and dependant on others. They should learn to defend in case some stranger turns up and tries to abuse them sexually and physically. Women should equip themselves with a licensed gun or a small hidden knife which they can use if they are ever faced with such a situation. Also most of the time when women are alone or come across rapists or drunkards, they appear very much scared. By displaying fear, they give an open invitation to such people. According to Silko, women should stay adamant and courageous if faced by a suspicious stranger. They should not be wary of the bodily strength of such men rather they should be ready to retaliate with their weapon. Silko believes that government and police cannot protect every woman in the country because it simply is not possible (McQuade and Atwan). Therefore women should themselves be well prepared to handle such situations.I partially agree with Silko’s point of view however I disagree on the point that women should be given guns to protect themselves. Arms can weapons can never be a solution to any problem. If all the women are given the right to kill in the case of self-defense, a chaotic situation would be created. The problem lies in the upbringing of women. Women should be brought up by encouraging them to do things on their own and asking them to engage in activities that require courage.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Assignment Example Consequently, McDonald’s is liable to pay to Liebeck for all the damages. In this scenario, I would analyse this situation from the Communitarian point of view. It speaks of shifting the balance of rights and responsibilities from the individual to the society. Liebeck here is at the same time trying to enjoy the liberty of being a free individual and is also trying to shift the blame of her individualistic errors in actions and judgement on to McDonalds. But still under the principle of compensatory justice, McDonalds by giving compensation to Liebeck, tried to restore her for the burns she received by the coffee spill over. (Bohlman and Dundas, 2004) However, there are no hard and fast rules when determining the compensation. But ethics and law make an effort that the tortfeasor is able to restore an amount equal to the loss incurred. But Liebeck here got compensation not on basis of her damages but on the basis of earnings which McDonalds makes. Important here is that Liebeck here received such generous amount in damages not because she got injured. Bu t because McDonalds acted rash and used statistics over ‘ethics of care’ in dealing with Liebeck; which made the jury decide the verdict in her favour. 2) In light of the above case, what would you propose as an outline plan if you were in charge of business that supplied scientific equipment to engineering laboratories? Assume you have a contract in place to supply the laboratory for 10 years. When assuming the role of a supplier of scientific equipment to the engineering laboratories. The most important law that I must be aware of is the ‘Contract Law’. A contract is made between two parties by the process of offer and acceptance. In this case, engineering laboratories would have made an offer of to my firm for supply of equipment. The offer would have had clearly written down the details of equipment needed and all details pertaining to the business should be written. Then, my

How Philosophy is Important for Undergraduate Student Essay

How Philosophy is Important for Undergraduate Student - Essay Example I use the term ‘science’ broadly here as rational and empirical investigation,† (Pigliucci n.d.). Reason is important and philosophy cannot provide concrete answers. Objection 2: Philosophy does not matter that much today as Stephen Hawking said, â€Å"Philosophy is dead. Philosophers have not kept up with modern developments in science. Particularly physics† (Warman 2011). Nowadays technological advancement prove to assist the advancement in the realm of physical science overtaking the development of philosophy as the latter cannot prove the exact answers to questions. On the contrary, Philosophy is stated, â€Å"Defining and explaining philosophy is no easy task — the very nature of the subject seems to defy description. The problem is that philosophy, in one way or another, ends up touching upon nearly every aspect of human life. Philosophy has something to say when it comes to science, art, religion, politics, medicine, and a host of other topics ,† (About.com n.d.). In all aspects, philosophy is the very core or basic step. I answer that, Philosophy is important due to the following reasons: All people align their everyday lives to the concept of reality that their beliefs tend to explain as they make use of metaphysical theory, ethical theory and moral theory. They need both metaphysical and moral concepts since they have the freewill and not instincts. They have the capacity to make decisions. They can also prove that throughout history human behavior and the ideas tend to explain their experiences have certain flaws. The correction is done through enough understanding of people about themselves and their surroundings by inquiring and garnering answers for philosophical and scientific questions. Curiosity is part of being a human as he tends to explore and learn about himself and the things around him. Philosophy also includes the rejection on the subjects of philosophy itself and science as they are all philosophic al in nature. They are better than doing nothing about the pursuit for knowledge. Philosophy also encompasses the ideas made by people that are subjected to conflicts toward creation of art or science (Maartensz n.d.). Reply to Objection 1: Science cannot explain the following: the existential truth like a person is not just a container of a brain and is being controlled. The moral truth also cannot be proven by science such as rape being right or wrong. Even the so-called logical truth science may have some problems to prove it like the quote Science is the only way to really know truth. No scientific test can prove the validity of such claim as it requires logic itself. Another thing is historical truth such as the winning of Barack Obama in the 2008 elections as scientific test must be repeatable and historical truth cannot be duplicated. Lastly, experiential truth cannot be verified by science such as the love of a spouse (Hewer n.d.). Reply to Objection 2: Philosophy is not dea d because science still exists. Science cannot exist without philosophy. Science has always been part of philosophy as both of them seek evidences, causations, theory creation, and hypothesis-testing as all of them are done to verify the ideas. Scientists must not ignore the philosophers as the former may fall on to fallacies (Norris 2011). How is it different from other subject areas? Objection 1:

Healthcare Information Management System Coursework

Healthcare Information Management System - Coursework Example Next force is the need to measure correctly the performance of health care providers and practitioners with the use of IT (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Other forces such as visions by stakeholders on how IT can transform health care while reducing the cost at the same time. These factors have led to a paradigm shift from traditional record keeping systems to a transformed IT centered system. It can be leveraged in various sectors of health care especially in patient data record keeping. Other areas include patient relationship management and use of Electronic laboratories, Tele-consultation and Electronic prescription. This way IT can be used to improve of efficiency in health care. 2. Strategies for achieving interoperability of health care applications Interoperability refers to the ability of various applications used to communicate and transfer information in healthcare management. The main communication channel is between health information systems and the software applications. Strategies should be developed so as to ensure efficient and timely data transmission between health care applications. Also, strategies should be made in order to replace old and incompatible equipment with modern ones and active personnel training on the use of interoperability equipment. Healthcare institutions should also ensure that there is proper coordination and cooperation between the various departments (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Strategies must also be made to institutionalize healthcare systems, which assist in planning among data transmitting departments while encouraging growth of flexible architectural interoperability structures. The management in healthcare facilities must also fund actively the projects set up to ensure and give solutions to interoperability. 3. Core competencies for IT departments that support health care organizations. Competencies are characteristics of something that make it standout and help achieve set goals and objectives. For a competen ce to be considered core, it must have a wide breadth of application and be highly relevant to the end user, as well as maintain distinction and difficult to imitate. For the health care sector, IT has five core competences that make it suitable for adoption. One is that IT departments help in business analysis. When data is fed into IT applications, they can process it for success of expected results such as analysis of patient recovery rates. The second core competence for IT department is Innovation. Innovation will come in handy in healthcare departments due to the rapid changes in technology. The third is knowledge management, which can be used to improve the knowledge work systems in other health departments. Fourth competence for IT department in health care is solution web management. This is the ability of IT to provide web based solutions to heath care problems (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Such include online prescription and consultation. Lastly, IT departments help in c hange management, especially where new projects are being implemented. This is necessary in health care as in order to ensure efficiency in service delivery, new systems and equipments are being introduced. 4. The benefits of leveraging information technology, such as the EMR, in health care. One of the main benefits of introducing IT is the reduction of costs in health care. This is achieved through reduced costs of regular book keeping with the shift from

Britain's privatized railway system Literature review

Britain's privatized railway system - Literature review Example This freed up the Secretary of State to give the relevant board directions concerning the disposal of its holdings. This Act was necessary because the government at all times had to act by the rules that were established by various Acts covering transport and railways, which would have stopped the board from disposing of the assets. Following the Secretary of state’s actions, he directed for the formation of Rail-track PLC, which, in turn, paved the way for 1993’s Railways Act. The British Railways Board’s operations were subsequently sold off. At the time, the process was riddled with controversy and some of the results have lent credence to the criticism that came its way. The manner of the privatization also led to widespread criticism from over twenty companies involved, especially for its complexity. Following the Swedish example that seemed apparently successful, the BEU issued directive 91/440, wishing to enable new rail operators to access the market (Jupe & Crompton, 2006: p1038). EU member states were required to separate infrastructure and railway management operations from transport services with account separation termed, as compulsory to all industries that were formally owned by the state with while separation with institutions being optional. The EU hoped that track operators would levy a transparent fee that would allow operators to run networked trains under open access. British Rail was privatized between 1994 and 1997 with Rail-track given ownership of infrastructure and track in April of 1994. Following this, there was franchising of passenger operations to operators in the private sector with outright sale of freight services. BRB Ltd. got the remaining British rail obligations. When John Major replaced Margaret Thatcher as the Conservative party leader in late 1 990 the privatization of the British Rail begun to pick up steam. The government under Thatcher had sold off almost all industries that were formally owned by the state with the exception of British Rail. Even though, Cecil Parkinson, the previous Secretary for Transport had led advocacy for a form of semi-private or private ownership of the British rail network, Thatcher had deemed it too much (Jupe & Crompton, 2006; p1039). In the 1992 elections, the Conservative manifesto included a privatization commitment for the British rail network, although the specifics were not set out clearly. Triumphing over opinion polls, the Conservatives won the 1992 elections and had to, consequently, come up with a plan to privatize British Rail prior to the publishing of the Railways Bill the following year (Haywood, 2007: p200). British Rail’s management led a strong advocacy campaign for the privatization of British Rail under a single entity with John Redwood, a Cabinet Minister, arguing for the regional companies that were in charge of trains and track, although the Prime Minister did not back this at the time. Consequently, following pressure from a think tank fronted by the Adam Smith Institute, the treasury advocated for seven franchises for passenger railways, which later expanded to 25, as a means of revenue maximization. The treasury prevailed in this instance. In addition, privatization of British Rail became a reality. In 1997, the Labor government took over after almost all privatization had been carried out and failed to act, on its earlier promise, to return to the public sector the railway system (Haywood, 2007: p200). It, instead, elected to leave the structure as it was and even oversaw the completion of

Current Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Current Event - Essay Example But to characterize this crisis as a tribal conflict would be simplistic in the extreme. To the contrary, the Darfur crisis is caused by political, economic and social marginalization that, unless properly addressed by both national policies, will wreak havoc upon the region for some time into the future. To fully understand the root causes of the present crisis, it is necessary to gain a complete appreciation of the Darfur region in its proper geographic and historical contexts. Geographically speaking, the western portion of Sudan known as Darfur is in area about 493,180 square kilometers, about 20% of the nation's total territory of 2,505, 813 square kilometers and is subdivided into three wilayats or states known as Gharb (West) Darfur, Janub (South) Darfur, and Shamal (North) Darfur. These states suffer from the lack of perennial watercourses and as a result, their population is scarce and tends to cluster around permanent wells. Western Darfur is a plain that has the greatest water supply. The drainage from the volcanic massif, the Jabal Marrah, washes onto the plain, allowing for a somewhat larger settled population. This area also has a significant portion of the so-called qoz sands. Here, although livestock raising is the major economic activity, significant crop cultivation also takes place. In contrast, North and South Darfur are semi-deserts that have little water from the wadis or the wells that dry up in the winter. The soils in these areas support vegetation for grazing (Geography). The entire region has few natural resources. About six million people inhabit Darfur, drawn from about eighty different tribes and ethnic groups. From a subsistence perspective, these ethnic groups fit into two categories. First, there are the livestock herders who are for the most part, Arabic speakers. The second group is composed of the farmers, who are bilingual and are considered Africans. The ethnic groups in Darfur include the Fur, Bani Halba, Tanhor, Borty, Habaniya, Zaghawa, Zayadia, Rizaigat, Masaleet, Taaishya, Maidoub, Bargo, Dajs, Bani Hussain, Tama, Mahria, Mohameed, Salamat, Messairia, Eraighat, Etafab, Fallata, Ghimir, Bani Mansour, Ab-Darag, Selaihab, Mima, Turgom, Marareet and other African and Arabian tribes. The language spoken is Arabic and the religion for both Arabs and Africans is Sunni Muslims (Darfur Conflict). Historically, the inception of modern day Darfur came with the Fur dominated Keira dynasty that arose in the seventeenth century. This sultanate, which was established by Sulayman Solongdungo (1650- 1680), managed its expansion throughout the region through a combination of peaceful and coercive incorporation of territorial and tribal groups (Young). In 1787, Sultan Mohammed Tayrab extended the sultanate to the Nile when he conquered the Funj province of Korodofan (Young, 2). The rulers of the Keira dynasty then continued to encourage a pattern of immigration into the region to provide for increased manpower needs. Whole groups were brought into the area through means such as land grants and high sultanate positions (Young, 2). Eventually, this process of assimilation and incorporation settled the basic pattern of ethnic grouping into specific regions that still stand to the present day. The tribal distribution that emerged can be categorized by livelihood and ecology. The sedentary farmers, which include

Tylenol Exigencies Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tylenol Exigencies Business - Research Paper Example This in turn, marked the beginning of the company’s integrity in baby business (â€Å"Our Timeline†, n.d., para.3). The company’s efforts to help through provision of relief goods in the aftermath of disasters in the 1900 and 1906 also did a lot to carve its name in the industry. At present times, Johnson & Johnson is in partnership with 250 companies and holds offices in 57 countries distributing their goods in over 175 nations (Johnson & Johnson Corporate, n.d., para.3). In the year 2011, the company’s pharmaceutical sales approximated to $65 billion. Tylenol, McNeil Laboratories & Johnson & Johnson Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol. It is widely used for relieving pain and reduction of body temperature for fever. The sales team of McNeil Laboratories came with the term Tylenol by choosing letters from its chemical form N-aceTYL-p-aminophENOL (West, 2009). McNeil Laboratories founded by Robert McNeil was the first to manufacture Tylenol i n 1955 as a prescription drug elixir for children. There was an ongoing issue during that time about the harmful effects of then widely used drug, aspirin. McNeil Laboratories marketed Tylenol as the benign alternative to aspirin (West, 2009). It was in 1959 when Johnson & Johnson acquired McNeil Laboratories and the same year marked Tylenol as a prescription-free drug. From then on, Tylenol has been one of Johnson & Johnson’s most widely sold and most profitable product, bringing an average year to year profit share of 33% (Griese, 2001). The 1982 Tylenol Tampering Widespread scare enveloped the nation when seven deaths have been attributed to Tylenol ingestion in September of 1982. Two off-duty firemen unintentionally hypothesized the connection of Tylenol while listening to police radios and talking about the supposedly mysterious deaths (Kaplan, 2005). Among the victims were a 12 year old student Mary Kellerman; three family members Adam Janus, his brother Stanley and Sta nley’s wife, Theresa, aged 27, 25 and 19 respectively; 27 years old mother of four, Mary Reiner; stewardess Paula Prince, 35 years of age; and 31 years old Mary McFarland. These victims have died within hours after taking Tylenol due to the cyanide content of the capsules, which was stronger by 10,000 times to the cyanide dose the human body can take (Kaplan, 2005). Johnson & Johnson acted promptly. At that time, nobody thought of such tragedy. These murders became the first of its kind. It was revealed in the investigations, that the capsules were tainted by cyanide through the act of an intent person because no specific evidence can link that the Tylenol capsules were laced by cyanide during manufacture (Kaplan, 2005). At the turn of events, Johnson & Johnson decided to put out a major recall for all the Tylenol capsules in the country. The manner in which Johnson & Johnson handled the controversy is regarded by professionals â€Å"to be one of the best in the history of p ublic relations† (Kaplan, 2005). In Griese’s book (2001), she cited the Tylenol tragedy as a befitting example on making the right decisions during time of crisis. Griese enumerated eight steps as guidelines in decision-making. The first step after the identification of the situation is to conduct research. The company McNeil Consumer Healthcare under Johnson & Johnson, which is

Position paper Essay Example for Free

Position paper Essay For my own opinion, Why is it important economics in my life, Economics is about freedom as well in our economy, youre free to do what you want economically speaking because the market itself will decide what to produce and how to produce. In order to do what you want lets say, to buy what you want at the quantity you want you have to have the money. So another factor of economics that affects your everyday life is the distribution of the total income. Example Let’s say your income. Your income is not unlimited. With that limited income, you want to buy a lot of things. You have to choose what product to buy, at which price and how much quantity. Now let’s say that you have 200pesos last in your pocket. With that money you can either buy a ticket for a movie or buy food and drinks and watch the TV-show. What you do is what gives you more pleasure or as we say what maximize your utility. You make an economic choice. Economics basically the study of scarcity of resources and their allocation in society Everyday life is a never ending competition for scarce resources. For example: for me I need to earn money a scarce resource for which you provide labor another scarce resource so you can afford to purchase all the things you need in order to live gas, car, home, food, clothing, all scarce resources at the lowest price you can find. Also economics is about your income itself. The level of your income depends on the overall status of the economy. In my own example, if we have a recession, then the income for most of us will be less. If we have growth then the income will rise. If we have growth then I would have a job. If we have recession, then I might be unemployed. As you can see economics affects almost everything. And also it is important for me to embark the study of economics due to its strong relation in our daily lives. Economics help students to understand more about the modern world in making the decision for the future. It also helps us to understand the problems caused by the limited resources and helps students, as consumers to make rational choices when making decisions. Besides that, students are able to understand the function and role of banks and financial institutions, more over able to understand the information related to the economics. One of the most basic concepts in our daily life is wants/needs. Basically every human has different needs and wants. It is impossible to please every need and wants due to the limited resource or known as scarce. Scarcity is as well another basic concept of economics known as the limited resource of unlimited wants due to the incapability to provide one’s need they desired for. University Of Mindanao Roxas Extension, Digos City Position Paper Eco 1 Submitted By : Ken Joy B. Pugoy Submitted To : Adrian Raphael C. Aballe October 16, 2013

Language Reflecting Our Culture And Reality Cultural Studies Essay

Language Reflecting Our Culture And Reality Cultural Studies Essay Language is a system of symbols that allows members of a society to communicate with one another. It is more than just a mean of communication. It can also be viewed as an important element in shaping our culture and the perception of reality. This paper will focus on the relationship between language, culture and reality; also how media and gender culture have influences on the relationship. With the help of different scholars view, we can analysis how language reflect our culture and reality. Linguists have studied the relationship between language and culture by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It accounts the differences in language across culture. According to the hypothesis, language is a guide to social reality which state that language is attaching to the real world. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis indicates the strong relationships among culture, language and reality into a cohesive whole. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis shows that people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language which can be easily understood with the diagram below. In other words, language acts like the lens on a camera in filtering reality, Language is the medium by which one views the world, culture, reality and thought. This example is best to illustrate the crux of the hypothesis reality for a culture is discoverable in its language. There are two important aspects in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, they are vocabulary and grammar and syntax of a language. Let me give a personal experience to state the above concept. I was an exchange student after graduating from secondary school and stayed in a host family in the United States. People there love to party and are addicted to alcohol. They get different words referring to different forms of alcohol, including liquor, brew, booze, wine, beer, drink, firewater, shooter, etc. The point of telling my experience is that these terms are rarely used in Hong Kong because we rarely encounter alcohol other than beer and wine.  We can see that it has a particularly rich vocabulary for alcohol, which shows that it is an important thing in American culture. Culture is evident not only in the vocabulary but also the grammar and syntax. I studied German during that exchange year, and found that the grammar and context is so different between Chinese and German. There are no articles, a, an, the counted with the noun in Chinese. In German, each noun must be categorized as either feminine or masculine with the collocation of the articles der, die, and das. This shows us that the grammatical gender is an essential part in German culture. However, there are arguments that against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, one is made by Fiona Cowie, There are in the grammar observations that apply to all languages; these observations constitute what one calls general grammar. In examining this thought, some cultures and languages are related to each other and have similarities. It contradicts with the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which states that all cultures see the world differently according to their language. In addition, Tomas Tsoi argued that language carries little tendency in our thinking, and it cannot constitute with what Sapir-Whorf has suggested to be habitual thought. His evidences are if language indeed reflects world view, there are totally different world views among the same linguistic group, while people speaking different languages share similar world views. Besides, he also argues that how does a multilingual holds his world view if it is dependent on languages, because it will lead to contradiction. How do people come to understand the reality? The cultural environment that people grow up in can have surprising effects on how they interpret the world around them. This happens by way of different agents of socialization. Media is one of the important socialization in reinforcing the cultural environment and the perception of reality, but so are family, school and peers. Media showers society with languages and images everyday. These images are delivered to the public through a variety of mediums, such as television, radio, newspaper. Language is a basic medium in the establishment of reality. Media act as a conduit in transmitting the image of reality. In other words, language reflects the culture and reality of its users. Media are never neutral for providing information. The images which we think depictions of reality are actually shaped, because they are filtered through media to the general public. The mass media acts as a translator and bridges the gap. Racism, prejudice and discrimination are all perpetrated through media discourse. This is why people need to have a high potential of media competence to decode what is being said. From the essay which is written by Ray Surette, he stated that the social construction of reality have influences on different individual. People construct their social reality based upon their interaction with an objective reality with their first hand experiences. Thus, the information they receive from a cultures reality, such as language and the media create a subjective reality that directs their social behavior. In urbanized societies, the mass media play a crucial role in the social construction of reality because knowledge of many social phenomena is obtained solely through the media. The mass media has become the dominant player in America. Furthermore, when other sources of knowledge are not available, the media play a greater role in the construction and dissemination of social reality. In fact, media convey different ideologies. Under the influences of powerful groups, it is hard for media to strike balance between facts and different ideologies. Therefore, audiences should bear the responsibility to distinguish message that are being delivered. The concept of media literacy is found to overcome the distortion of the truth from the messages that are created by the media. It is a process of accessing, analyzing, evaluating and creating messages in a wide variety of media modes, genres and forms. According to Jane Tallim, media literacy  is the ability to sift through and analyze the messages that inform, entertain and sell to us every day. By activating the concept of media literacy, people gain greater awareness of the potential for misrepresentation, especially through commericals and public relations techniques, and to understand the role of mass media in constructing views of reality. Moreover, media conveys a distinct message regarding gender and gender roles which leads us to the topic of language and gender. Males represent face-isms, their faces are shown more often than their bodies, which is associated with character and intellect. Since women are being objectitfication as a sex appeal product, females represent body-isms or partial-isms which is associated with weight and emotion. The topic of language and gender concerns in which men and women use their language differently and how the structure of language reflects or promotes gender division within a society. All of us have different styles of communicating with other people. The styles that men and women use to communicate have been described as debate vs. relate, report-talk vs. rapport-talk, or competitive vs. cooperative. Men often seek straightforward solutions to problems whereas women tend to establish intimacy by discussing problems with the frequency usage of tag questions. Dale Spender writes males, the dominant group, have constructed sexism and developed a language trap in their own interest. This makes the male in the superior position and lead to sexism in language. Men have made their world out of their reality, and women are forced to live with these meanings. Another scholar, Shiela Rowbotham says If she enters mankind she loses herself to himshe represents a woman but he is mankind. Women lose their roles in society because they are considered to go along with the rest of mankind, instead of womankind. The Interpretation Act was an act that was passed in England in 1850 that simplified the language that was used in statutes, legally enabling he to be written instead of he or she. This Act was passed in order to promote the primacy of the male. At that time, there were no women in Parliament to vote against this Act, so it was being passed. It constructed that females had to adhere to a male reality for the world. Spender suggests, In order for the women of today to make their own reality, they must understand how the creation of this world is accomplished. The way to accomplish the above thought is to explore the relationship between language, culture and reality. Therefore, gender equality is a reality many people would like to bring out and our language should reflect this. According to Spender, By changing our language we help change reality in a way that makes our language more accurate. If we change our language, we are to some extent manipulating the social reality. That is an ideology matter and somehow a paradox of socially constructed realities. Our language and society reflect one another, it is important for us to recognize and respect change in the meaning and the acceptability of words. As a conclusion, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has changed the way many people look at language. Elaine Chaika states Language and society are so intertwined that it is impossible to understand one without the other. There is no human society that does not depend on, is not shaped by, and does not itself shape language This statement best defines the relationship between languages, culture and reality. Language does not only shape the way reality is perceived but reality also shapes language. For my standpoint there is no sound system to reflect our culture and reality through language. Language does influence culture and perception of reality but language does not govern culture or reality.

United Nations Human Development Report and the Need for International

United Nations Human Development Report and the Need for International Democratization The 2002 United Nations Human Development Report (UNHDR) is the result of many years’ study of international human progress and development. As declared in the first page of the report, "[This report] is about how political power and institutions, formal and informal, national and international, shape human progress". This statement outlines the principal theme of power dynamics and fragmentation (politics) on varying levels, public and private, rich and poor, male and female, etc. - that runs consistently throughout the work, analyzing global trends of political participation and democracy. According to the UNHDR, human development is politically determined, not only socially and economically so as represented in many studies. The Report operates under the basic assumption that the current world is more free and more just than ever before, but that democracy (including structures of political participation, economic justice, health and education, and peace and personal security) is necessary to improve human development and to protect the freedom and dignity of all people. Although the Report is outwardly concerned with all democratic countries, industrialized or not, it is most significant to developing democracies where necessary reforms in human development have not yet been realized. As expressed by lead author, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, this year’s Report emphasizes the growing divisions between "those who prosper... and those who do not... between the powerful and the powerless, between those who welcome the new global economy and those who demand a different course." At times it seems as though both sufficient coherence and evide... ... whole the UNHDR does an thorough job at citing the important role of democratic governance with regard to human development, it also was blind to one major issue: the difference between theoretical and practical democracy. The successful theoretical democracy primarily discussed in this Report is undoubtedly not the same democracy practiced by 82 "fully democratic" countries in the world.Although the Report does make note of the susceptibility of many democratic institutions to corruption and inequality, the point was not made clear enough that these are two very separate and distinct forms of democracy. No matter the stylistic flaws, though, this Report truly creates a clear perspective on the state of current international human development, and rightfully emphasizes the immediate need for foreign aid, improved living standards, and international democratization.

The Job that Changed My Life :: Personal Narrative essay about myself

The Job that Changed My Life    My grandfather was a police officer when he was younger; he would tell us stories of he and his buddies on motorcycle patrol and the life of a cop. The stories that he told were so interesting, that ever since, I wanted to have a career in law enforcement. After I graduated from high school, I enrolled in the law enforcement program at Spokane Community College where I planned to fulfill my dream of becoming a cop. I started the law enforcement classes at the college and came to the conclusion that law enforcement was not the career for me.    It takes a special breed of person to be in the law enforcement/corrections field, a person who can withstand the stress and unhealthy surroundings that come with the work. Before you go out and do something that is as drastic and life changing as a career choice, you need to know what your getting your self into, so do your research and make sure that is what you want.    The corrections program was similar to law enforcement, so I switched to the correction alternative because I still wanted to be associated with law enforcement. I was hired on at a juvenile detention center as a juvenile correction officer. I thought that this was my opportunity to do something to help these kids, don't get me wrong I did not think I could help or save the world, I just thought I would or could make a difference in one life that it was all worth the hassle. Well I was wrong, my first day of on the job training we had to restrain a kid who was out of control, it only got worse from there on. It seemed like an everyday occurrence in this place; the kids were ok most of the time, but it only took one kid in a bad mood to set the other 40 kids off then it turns into a big problem.    This job was physically and mentally demanding of my energy. I worked anywhere from ten to thirteen hour days; my stress level sky rocketed, and my school work started to suffer, eventually I dropped out of school because I was miserable at this job; the stress was so high; I had major mood swings, and I did not know what to do.

The Boondocks :: essays research papers

Aaron McGruder is an African American cartoonist. At only twenty-six years of age, he is best known as the creator of Boondocks, the popular comic strip that is currently featured in over two hundred and fifty newspapers throughout the United States. Boondocks, which â€Å"stars two amusingly surly African American kids who live with their grandfather in a white middle-class suburb† is known for mocking issues that range from entertainment news (such as Whitney Houston), to political news (like the Bush administration). His most recent subject, however, may prove to be too controversial even for this strip, which is famous for it’s satirical attitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within two weeks of the September 11th attacks, McGruder had addressed the national crisis addressing Americans’ â€Å"blind, unquestioning faith in our almost elected leaders.† This particular plot cost McGruder Boondocks’ place in New York’s Daily News and caused The Dallas Morning News to move the strip to another section of the paper. McGruder, however, remains unaffected. He states that he will continue to address these issues because as he says, â€Å"†¦you can’t remove the impact of this incident from any aspect of life.† Apparently, this includes the funny pages. Aaron McGruder is an African American cartoonist. At only twenty-six years of age, he is best known as the creator of Boondocks, the popular comic strip that is currently featured in over two hundred and fifty newspapers throughout the United States. Boondocks, which â€Å"stars two amusingly surly African American kids who live with their grandfather in a white middle-class suburb† is known for mocking issues that range from entertainment news (such as Whitney Houston), to political news (like the Bush administration). His most recent subject, however, may prove to be too controversial even for this strip, which is famous for it’s satirical attitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within two weeks of the September 11th attacks, McGruder had addressed the national crisis addressing Americans’ â€Å"blind, unquestioning faith in our almost elected leaders.† This particular plot cost McGruder Boondocks’ place in New York’s Daily News and caused The Dallas Morning News to move the strip to another section of the paper. McGruder, however, remains unaffected. He states that he will continue to address these issues because as he says, â€Å"†¦you can’t remove the impact of this incident from any aspect of life.† Apparently, this includes the funny pages. Aaron McGruder is an African American cartoonist. At only twenty-six years of age, he is best known as the creator of Boondocks, the popular comic strip that is currently featured in over two hundred and fifty newspapers throughout the United States.

Project Management Problems

In replying the below inquiries you are to supply a brief analysis of the place at jurisprudence, backed with commendations of the relevant legal commissariats, case-law and commentary. Address the points tersely in such a mode as to demo that you have understood the rules that come into drama and modulate the state of affairs being described.Undertaking Manager is approached by a client who would wish to contract Project Manager’s services as a undertaking director. Undertaking Manager would wish to restrict his exposure to amendss in position of the fact that he will necessitate to contract the services of assorted professionals to complete the occupation.How can he make that?As stated in the Civil Code 960, ‘A contract is an understanding or an agreement between two or more individuals by which an duty is created, regulated, or dissolved.’ This means that if the Project Manager is contracted by the Client, and in bend the Project Manager contracts 3rd parties, the Project Managerstraightwill reply, in favor of the Client for the amendss that are caused by those 3rd parties that the Project would hold engaged. The primary method of understating exposure to amendss is to choose for an Indemnity insurance. This means that in instance of harm, the insurance would counterbalance the Undertaking Manager ( or the client in inquiry, straight ) . Furthermore, the insurance company on payment of the damages, would be subrogated in the rights of its client/project director, thereby it can turn against the party who is found to be responsible for the amendss. Alternatively, On the other manus, the Project Manager has two possible contractual understandings, each with different legal and practical deductions:A Contract with the client and a sub-contract with the 3rd party professional ( ‘sub-contractors’ ) . With a position to minimise the hazards, the latter contract should reproduce the same hazards and precautions which would hold been included in the chief understanding, i.e. The understanding between the client and undertaking director.A contract with the client for supervising the undertaking, where the client has a distinguishable contract with the 3rd party professionals ( the sub-contractors ) .To restrict exposure to amendss, option 2 is safer, but may non be acceptable from the client’s point of position who himself would desire to restrict his exposure/risks. In this instance, each contract would be one where, ‘the individual set abouting the work shall confer merely his labor or accomplishment, or tha t he shall besides provide the materials.’ ( Civil Code 1663 ) . Furthermore, the Project Manager would in bend be dissolved from any incompetence by the other professionals because as stated in the Civil Code 1037, ‘where a individual for any work or service whatsoever employs another individual who is unqualified, or whom he has non sensible evidences to see competent, he shall be apt for any harm which such other individual may, through incompetency in the public presentation of such work or service, cause to others.’ In such instances, the client is considered to be a contractor, and hence is apt ‘for the Acts of the Apostless of the individuals employed by him.’ ( Civil Code 1642 ) In the latter instance, if a client files for amendss against the Project Manager, said Project Manager may raise the supplication that he is non the 1 to reply for the amendss of the 3rd party sub-contractors ( since he would non hold contracted them ) and may besides name to the suit the said 3rd parties or in bend file for amendss against the sub-contractors, as stated under Article 1038 of the Civil Code ‘Any individual who without the necessary accomplishment undertakes any work or serve shall be apt for any harm which, through his unskilfulness, he may do to others.’ In the former instance ( where the Project Manager contracts straight with the Client ) , if the client files for amendss against the Project Manager, the said Project Manager may non raise the supplication that he is non the 1 to reply for the amendss of the 3rd party sub-contractors ( since he would non hold contracted them ) . Furthermore, he may arguably NOT sell to the suit the said 3rd parties, but if found responsible ( for the Acts of the Apostless or skips of the said 3rd parties, which the client would hold to turn out anyhow ) so he MAY in bend file for amendss against the sub-contractors, as stated under Article 1038 of the Civil Code ‘Any individual who without the necessary accomplishment undertakes any work or serve shall be apt for any harm which, through his unskilfulness, he may do to others.’ In any given instance, noteworthy in the context being discussed, the rule contemplated under Article 1138 of the Civil which states that ‘Where the understanding provides that the party who fails to transport it out shall pay a certain amount by manner of amendss, it shall non be lawful to present to the other party a greater or lesser sum.’Does it do a difference if the client is a natural individual undertaking the occupation for his/her personal demands or if the client is abargainer [ SM1 ]? Why?In this instance, a differentiation between Natural [ SM2 ] and Legal individual [ SM3 ] has to be given. The natural individual is by and large a physical entity that is responsible in his ain name for any skip [ SM4 ] , unless he proves that he has contracted on behalf of others. On the other manus, a legal individual is one that is non-physical ( like for illustration a company ) . A natural individual and a legal individual have the ability to either contract in their na me or on behalf of others. Both parties enjoy the ability to come in into contracts. When a Undertaking Manager is undertaking with a legal individual, he is undertaking non with persons but with the company itself, which enjoys a separate legal personality from its members/shareholders.Undertaking Manager is an designer and, apart from moving as undertaking director, will be personally responsible for the construction/ change works. He would wish to restrict his exposure for defects as best he could.How can he make this contractually?First and first, one can non take it for granted that the Project Manager is the designer, intending that if the Project Manager did non straight take portion in the programs and building of the undertaking, he/she shall non be found apt on the footing of the fact that he besides happens to be an designer by profession. Furthermore, one has the right to even diminish contractually the 15 twelvemonth clip span in instance of defects. Such timespan is gi ven in the Civil Code ( 1638 ) , ’If a edifice or other considerable rock work erected under a edifice contract shall, in the class of 15 old ages from the twenty-four hours on which the building of the same was completed, perish, entirely or in portion, or be in apparent danger of falling to destroy, owing to a defect in the building, or even owing to some defect in the land, the designer and the contractor shall be responsible therefor.’Does it do a difference if the client is a natural individual moving in his/her personal capacity or a bargainer?As antecedently mentioned, a natural individual is by and large a physical entity that is responsible in his ain name, unless he proves that he has contracted on behalf of others. On the other manus, a legal individual ( bargainer ) [ Di5 ] is one that is non-physical ( like for illustration a company ) . There is a given that whoever contracts does so in his ain name, unless he proves that he has contracted in the name of another individual. The debitor has the duties to do it clear that he is undertaking in the name of a company. The foregoing considerations apply whether the client is a natural individual ( single or bargainer ) or a legal individual ( company ) .Undertaking Manager is engaged and in order for him to carry through his battle he issues petitions for citations to three providers of stuffs. He stipulates a cap. They all reply with a quotation mark within the cap.Has an understanding been formed?No, an understanding has non been formed. Invitations to offer occurred when the Project Manager asked for a quotation mark. If this is non accepted, no contract has been formed. Said offer is capable to acceptance until and unless that offer is accepted, there is no contract.If so, at what phase [ SM6 ]?[ Di7 ]A contract is ‘an understanding reached between two or more parties which is lawfully enforceable when executed in conformity with specific requirements.’ Note that contract s should be specific to the undertaking in inquiry, every bit good as reflecting the understanding between the parties in inquiry. Contracts are adhering understandings, which is why it is of great importance that all parties understand the footings entailed by said contract, including rights and duties. Every contract consists of the followers:Offer ;Credence ;‘Acceptance ‘ occurs when both parties arrive to an unqualified understanding of all the offered footings. However, a period of dialogue normally occurs. The purpose of the dialogues is to present new footings and conditions and counter offers to the original offer, so as to get to an understanding that satisfies all parties. Communication of credence The credence of the contract offer occurs merely when the credence is communicated to the offerer. This includes methods like:By telephoneWriteIf non, why? And what is required to organize the contract?No credence has been given by the Project Manager to any of the provided quotation marks. For a contract to be formed, an exchange of an offer from, in this instance the providers, and an credence from the Project Manager must happen. Note that both parties must hold the purpose to adhere themselves. Furthermore, both offer and credence must beecht Acts of the Apostless of will that manifest the relevant consent. It is deserving nil that a contract is valid despite being non written, i.e. Credence by word of oral cavity or electronic mail is besides a contract, unless the jurisprudence expressly requires that the understanding should be in composing. These necessities of offer and credence are non mentioned in the Civil Code ( unlike Italian Civil Code ) . They are specifically mentioned in the Commercial Code and Electronic Commerce Act. The civil codification ( under 966 ) merely spells what is required for the cogency of a contract: (a) Capacity of the parties to contract ; (B) The consent of the party who binds himself ; (degree Celsiuss) A certain thing which constitutes the subject-matter of the contract ; (vitamin D) A lawful consideration.The most favorable quotation mark, from A, comes with a clause saying that â€Å"An understanding must be made in authorship and all payments must be made in advance.† Project director writes to A accepting the quotation mark. Is this sufficient?Yes, in this instance, there is sufficient cogent evidence that a contract has been formed. An offer has been given by A, which was so accepted ‘in writing’ by the Project Manager, a phase of personal businesss which is so confirmed by the fact that works would later be undertaken, in pursuit of and in conformity with the same quotation mark.Undertaking director pays the monetary value and A provides the stuffs, but these are found non to be in line with the specifications requested. What is the consequence of this? What are Project Manager’s options at jurisprudence?When a marketer is selling building stuff, he is ‘bound to justify the thing sold against any latent defects w hich render it unfit for the usage for which it is intended, or which diminish its value to such an extent that the purchaser would non hold bought it or would hold tendered a smaller price..’ ( Civil Code Article 1424 ) When such required are non met, the undermentioned occurs:Client dissatisfactionDelaies in undertaking completionThe marketer is ‘answerable for latent defects, even though they were non known to him, unless he has stipulated that he shall non in any such instance be bound to any warranty.’ As a consequence of this, the Project Manager has two options at jurisprudence ;Actio RedhibitoriaTo return the stuff and have the monetary value repaid to him. Compensation for amendss may be besides implemented.Actio AestimatoriaTo retain the stuff and have a portion of the monetary value repaid to him which shall be determined by the tribunal.Civil Code Article 1434, ‘The purchaser, even though at that place be no understanding to that consequence, is bound to pay involvement on the monetary value up to the twenty-four hours of payment at the rate of five per centper annum, randomly in the undermentioned instances: (a) if the thing sold and delivered outputs fruits or other net incomes ; (B) if, even though the thing yields no fruits or other net incomes, he has been called upon by agencies of a judicial hint to pay the monetary value ; (degree Celsiuss) if the bringing of the thing, being movable, has non taken topographic point through the mistake of the purchaser, and the marketer has called upon him, by agencies of a judicial hint, to take bringing of the thing: Provided that in the instances mentioned in paragraphs (B) and (degree Celsiuss) , involvement shall run merely from the twenty-four hours of the service of the said judicial intimatation.Undertaking director has besides engaged the services of an lineman, B. The contract stated that B had to finish the plants within two months harmonizing to a agenda of plants agreed to. Following the first month it is clear that B has non completed 1/3 of the plants he was to finish within the period of one month. It is clear to project director that B will non finish the plants within two months and now it will be possible for Project Manager to maintain to the timelines imposed on him by client merely if he hires a larger administration to make the plants alternatively of B. But these alternate service suppliers will be more expensive.What are the Project Manager’s options?The Project Manager has the right to register for amendss due to non-performance against the Electrician but would hol d to wait that the term of the contract has expired, as follows:Termination of Contract due to non-performance, ’ Civil Code 1640.( 1 ) it shall be lawful for the employer to fade out the contract, even though the work has been commenced. ( 3 ) If the employer has valid ground for the disintegration, he is to pay the contractor merely such amount which shall non transcend the disbursals and work of the contractor, after taking into consideration the utility of such disbursals and work to the employer every bit good as any amendss which he may hold suffered.’In such instances, choosing for Termination of Contract could ensue in farther holds. One of the Project Manager’s chief functions is to understate amendss, and hence the option of expiration may non be feasible and commercially practical. Punishments would hold been set up contractually that the party in inquiry ( in this instance Electrician B ) , should pay a certain sum for every twenty-four hours of hold . Naturally the Undertaking director would be exposed to liability towards the client but at least he would hold safeguarded himself against the Electrician..Who will hold to bear the addition in costs if Project Manager engages these new service suppliers?The addition in costs are to be incurred by the Electrician B. This includes the followers: Article 1135 of the Civil Code, ’†¦damages due to the creditor are, by and large, in regard of the loss which he has sustained, and the net income of which he has been deprived. Article 1136 of the Civil Code, ’the debitor shall merely be apt for such amendss as were or could hold been foreseen at the clip of the agreement.’Will it do a difference if Project Manager is moving as chief or agent?When a Undertaking Manager is moving as chief, he has to reply for the actions holds. If he’s moving as an agent for a 3rd party, he would be replying in the name of the party, provided that it is clear that the undertaking director is moving in the name of that 3rd party.Undertaking Manager requires pigment. He is approached by a individual who states that he is the local agent of an internationally celebrated industry and the said â€Å"agent† offers a really advantageous monetary value. Undertaking Manager orders the pigment, this is supplied and Project Manager pays for it. But before the pigment is used Project Manager sees a Notice in the newspaper stating that the international maker has nil to make with the â€Å"agent† and th at the â€Å"agent† is a fraudster. Undertaking Manager does non desire to utilize the pigment as he will non be covered by the â€Å"international guarantee† that was purportedly provided by the international maker. What are his options at jurisprudence?In the instance of fraud, the Project Manager has the right to register for nothingness of the understanding in inquiry. As stated in Article 981 of the Civil Code, ’Fraud shall be a cause of nothingness of the understanding Fraud. When the ruses practised by one of the parties were such that without them the other party would non hold contracted.’ The debitor, which in this instance is the agent providing the pigment, is to pay ‘the compensation in regard of the loss sustained by the creditor, and of the net income of which he was deprived, shall merely include such amendss as are the immediate and direct effect of the non-performance.’ ( Civil Code Article 1137 ) . When the mandatary ( provider of pigment ) acts beyond the authorization given to him by the authorization, he may be found responsible for those actions in his ain name. Page1of12

Bhagvad Gita

You have 7 response papers due throughout the semester. Please see the syllabus for due dates. The prompt/question will be posted one week before the response is due. You may drop 2 responses for any reason. ; Each response is worth 20 points. You will be graded on how well you answer the question or respond to the prompt. This means you should provide evidence from the lecture or readings/films to support what you are saying.While this is not a formal paper, you must use good grammar, complete sentences, and proper citation methods if you choose to quote, for example, the textbook. ; Responses should be -?200-250 words. Please avoid making them much longer. You will lose points if your response is significantly shorter than the word requirement. ; Please type your response and use standard 12 point font and standard margins. ; Papers should be posted on Encounters on the due date no later than 11 PM.Late response papers will not be accepted without proper documentation of illness or emergency. ; The prompt/question for each response will be posted on Encounters by the Tuesday before (-?one week) It's due. ; Remember: These papers are intended to engage with the material and think about the abstract concepts that we will be covering in this course. In addition, these papers give you the opportunity to compare aspects of the tradition and think critically about what we learn.For Response #7-Please respond to the following question/prompt. Answer the following In the context of the Baghdad Gala. Why doesn't Aragua want to fight in the war? What reasons does he give? How does Krishna respond? What are the two Identities of the human being? Which one Is more Important and why? What is the goal of life according to the Krishna? How does one achieve It? Clearly explain and make sure to answer all parts of the question. Provide at three direct examples from the Baghdad Gait In your answer.

The Main Cause of Global Warming

Pollution Is not a simple problem that the world Is facing; actually pollution Is the reason behind the occurring of global warming. Global warming refers to the increase of temperature on the earth's surface. For every action there is a cause and effect. Global warming is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing nowadays. There are many solutions that we can go for to prevent the massive problems that might happen later on in the future. Introduction: â€Å"We† as human beings we want to survive and live in a planet that might not be armful for our health.Sadly we're not recognizing what damages we're leaving behind us because of the several kinds of pollution that we made by ourselves. There are several kinds of pollution some are visible like air, water, and human pollution while others are invisible. Those kinds of pollutions are affecting our planet In a dangerous way that might lead us to a global warming one day. â€Å"Air pollution occurs when the air cont ains gases, dust, fumes in harmful amounts. † Air pollution is affecting humans health in a negative way like causing cancer, birth effects and genetic mutations.Air pollution is affecting our environment as well, since its affecting â€Å"the ozone layer in the atmosphere and it can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, where It damages crops and plants and can lead to skin cancer and cataracts. † According to the UNEVEN scientists, they estimated that the pollution in the cloud contributes to at least 700,000 premature deaths every year. This shows how the air pollution is affecting our environment and human beings.Some of the everyday things are the main things of causing air illusion like: automobile emissions, tobacco smoke, combustion of coal, acid rain, noise pollution from cars and construction, power plants, manufacturing buildings, large ships, paint fumes, aerosol sprays, wildfires, and nuclear weapons. To help the environment and t he human health we should work on keeping the planet clean from air pollution. â€Å"The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. â€Å"Water pollution Is the Introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter Into argue bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives In It and consumes It. † Factories, refineries, waste treatment facilities, mining, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, human sewage, oil spills, failing septic systems, soap from washing your car, oil and antifreeze leaking from cars, household chemicals, and animal waste are the main sources that can cause water pollution. â€Å"The best way to prevent water pollution Is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals Into our water supplies. Construction. Agriculture can cause land pollution because of â€Å"the local pests that have existed for hundreds of years along with the new invasive speci es so they are laden with chemicals that are not found in nature†. Soil pollution and waste disposal are examples of land pollution. Deforestation can cause land pollution as well because of the endless trees that people are cutting every single day and this causes the land to be imbalanced. Construction can release chemicals that can inhibit the growth of plants and animals.By decreasing the amount of papers we're using we can decrease the amount of trees that we're cutting every single day which this is the reason behind the land pollution. Global warming is happening now. Our planet temperature is increasing way more than it is supposed to be. Obviously â€Å"we† are the reason behind what's happening in the world. Since we're overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide it's raising the planets temperature. Before its too late, we should follow some instructions to prevent the global warming from getting worse.

Food Addictions Essay

Food nourishes us and helps to create our bodies. However, certain substances that we eat as â€Å"food† can cause dysfunction within us and ultimately contribute to the destruction of our bodies. Although every seven years each cell in the body is completely new, we may still crave junk foods that seem to call to us with their sweet, salty, greasy temptations. It can be difficult to ignore theses naughty longings and make healthy choices about the good, more balanced nutrition that our bodies need. Why is it that we so easily give in to cravings for these sweet, savory, spicy junk foods—and soon after eating them, want more? This can be a challenging question, but is worth investigating. Along with the question of why do we like them so much is what can we do about it? The food group I am addicted to eating, yet later regret is sweets. In this paper I will discuss my cravings and how I can address them. The desire for sweets is unstoppable therefor my cravings never seem satisfied. Sweet foods and desserts saturate my taste buds with creamy, sugary, dainty, delicious, and overwhelming flavor. It could be the simple beauty and enticement of streusel cinnamon coating the top of fluffy donuts, muffins, and cakes which initiates the desire. Or it may be the hundreds of delicious, complicated layers that make up pastries, from tasty fruit-filled turnovers to chocolate ganache-filled croissants. My mouth waters over the thought of sensual custards, such as rich creme brulee. The delight of breaking the rigid layer of crystallized sugar with a spoon is like unwrapping a gift and reveals the silky smooth lavender vanilla bottom. Such tantalizing actions enrich the sensory consumption experience. The heady aroma and succulent taste only heighten the pleasure. Although my body feels expansive and â€Å"high† with the sugar and the rush of dopamine, I know that sugar has more negative, long-lasting physical and mental effects on my body than the temporary good feelings released from the sugar. When eating expansive foods, like ones that contain high doses of sugar, I almost experience a euphoric feeling. At the very least, an instant temporary satisfaction is a guaranteed. However, when taste buds are overwhelmed with intense sugary flavors, after the first few bites, they are unable to detect much else. Too much sugar actually desensitizes your taste buds. This is one of many costs of instant sugar gratification. Sweets interest me since they are something I don’t like to live without. Research tells us that sugar can be quite harmful in unnecessary amounts, yet it is my greatest addiction and driver of my desires. Due to this glaring contradiction, this addiction teaches me about myself, my cravings and temptations, my healthiness and my unhealthiness. Even after learning of the negative consequences of over-indulging in this habit, it is still often hard for me to moderate my behavior and make healthier food choices. This is what life is about: learning about yourself and the world around you, learning about your strengths and weaknesses, identifying the things you need to sacrifice for a better life and the importance of â€Å"quality over quantity† and â€Å"delayed gratification†. If I can overcome my cravings, by changing processed sugar for natural sweeteners, it will be my greatest accomplishment. For if I can change my own life and eating habits, I believe I can truly help other people in this world. Though sugars effects on my moods, body, and mind are revolutionary to me, unhealthy cravings are now a major focus in my culinary career. I plan to help educate people on health and wellness, how good nutrition can enrich lives.

Life after university Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life after university - Assignment Example ty to work independently on a project is essential, because there can be deadlines and targets, and often people are busy with their own tasks and not able to give constant advice. An employee should, however, also be able to work together with other colleagues and all kinds of stakeholders and clients. Fitting into the rules and styles of the organisation is essential so that work relationships run smoothly and without any conflicts. There are obvious avenues of employment in the forensic science area, which would involve a Graduate employee learning about the law and keeping up to date with protocols for genetic testing, for example, as well as working on samples and preparing reports for different context in the criminal justice system. Excellent writing skills are needed for situations where scientific analysis has to be passed on to relevant investigatory or judicial authorities. There are occasions, too, where scientific experts have to give verbal reports, and so confidence in public speaking is a useful asset. Often it is thought that the forensic science domain is all about catching criminals, but in fact much of the work is also about proving the innocence of suspects, or simply understanding more about any kind of scene, whether it be a crime scene, an archaeological dig, or any other environment. I would be interested also in some of the non-human forensic science careers, such as for example work in a laboratory for wildlife conservation which may involve testing for species diversity and habitat erosion, or working with endangered species to ensure that healthy populations are maintained. Molecular biology specialists also can choose from many careers related to medicine, for example working in the testing of drugs or increasingly in the manufacture of drugs which are tailored to the individual genetic make-up of the patient. I am interested particularly in the area of cancer research and treatment, and I think that in the next twenty years there

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations Dissertation

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. They are computer software packages that enable companies to manage all of their operations, such as sales, manufacturing, inventory, accounting, etc. using a single platform. ERP systems officially arrived in the early 1990s, though they evolved over the previous few decades as the separate programs of each functional area began to be integrated into one program. The intent of a single integrated software package was to reduce the direct costs associated with multiple packages (re-entering, reformatting, and reconciling redundant data) while aiding the communication between the functional areas of a business, such as sales and production. The market for ERP systems continues to grow faster than any other software market with significant number of companies worldwide have already implemented an ERP system. The vast scope of an ERP system magnifies the typical "risk-reward" relationship of any business initiative. Davenport described ERP systems as profoundly complex pieces of software that require large investments of money, time and expertise. Correspondingly, he stated that although implementing an ERP system could deliver great rewards for a company, implementation failure could be fatal. In fact, many well- known companies experienced significant challenges implementing their ERP systems. This led researchers to provide insight into what organisations could do to increase their chances of implementation success, resulting in the identification of ERP system implementation Critical Success Factors (CSFs) (Al-Fawaz, Al-Salti, & Eldabi, 2008). Various authors have developed lists of CSF's (Al-Fawaz et al., 2008, AI-Mashari et al., 2003, Stratman and Roth, 2002, Umble et al., 2003). These factors are not specific to any particular ERP software program as they are based on the organisational aspects of the implementation rather than the technical functionality of the program. Exam ples of such factors include strategic visioning/planning, management support, project management, and training. Proficiently addressing these CSFs should increase the chances of a successful implementation (Ehie, 2005; Thomas & Huq, 2007). However, with so many factors involved in an ERP system implementation project, there can be no guarantee of implementation success. ERP systems, like many other technological advances, were initially implemented only at large organisations. Over the years, software vendors began to provide ERP systems specifically targeted for midsize market price tolerance and functionality requirements, leading more and more small organisations to implement ERP systems. Small organisations have been shown to posses significantly different characteristics when compared to large organisations (McAdam, 2002, Ghobadian and Gallear, 1996, Lee and Oakes, 1995). Their organisational structures and culture are relatively informal, their leadership is intimately involv ed in daily operations and typically lack long-term strategic planning. Furthermore, they have limited human and financial resources, and often lack a dedicated full-time Information Technology (IT) person. All of these factors combine into a significantly different organisational environment for an ERP system implementation when compared to large organisations. The existing research on ERP CSFs is heavily based on experiences at large organisations. This is understandable, considering that only a few small organisations had previously implemented ERP systems, which limited the ability to conduct research that is small organisation specific. Thus, more research is needed to identify the CSFs of ERP implementations at small organisations and how they compare to the established list of CSFs that is based on large organisatio

Policies and Procedures That Govern the Hiring Practices Article

Policies and Procedures That Govern the Hiring Practices - Article Example For Catholic Charities Spokane, their ultimate goal of providing consumer satisfaction within the means of the organization has guided them to the careful establishment of processes regarding recruitment, encouraging productiveness, work evaluation, and feedback. The Human Resources Coordinator is in charge of posting job vacancies, evaluating candidates, and organizing interviews. Productiveness of employees is encouraged through retreats and yearly evaluation. On the other hand, employees are given the voice to air their concerns regarding their work environment. The organization has made its stand regarding issues such as sexual harassment, discrimination and nepotism to prevent the occurrence of such activities. Ultimately, the human resource practices are annually evaluated using employee satisfaction ratings and retention. In any human resource management, knowing and understanding the law is important, as it decreases the chance of committing a federal or state crime (Yoder-Wi se, 2003). The policy and procedures of human resource management should thus be based on what the law stipulates. ... The Catholic Charities thus annually reassesses its workforce, through the Program Directors, based on any changes in employee workloads, current management practices, service objectives, and quality improvement. The Catholic Charities are also open to practicum students and volunteers. The recruitment and hiring process has been carefully planned out. Briefly, the availability of a position and its respective job description is promulgated in-house and around the community by the Human Resources Coordinator, in accordance to National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) standards (Siegel, 2002). For those who have completed the minimum requirements, two structured interviews are conducted to screen all applicants. The interview questions comply with employment and labor laws, as implemented by NLRB. What is important is that the set of questions asked of each applicant is consistent (Siegel, 2002). Aside from the competence of getting the job done, the commitment to empowering others by bei ng culturally and socioeconomically sensitive as well as to community involvement. An employee’s sensitivity is ascertained using a set of questions inquiring about empowerment of others, belief in the value of family, establishing and maintaining respectful relationships, and knowing one’s limits. This is in accordance to NLRB’s suggestion that the interview questions be focused on what was previously done by the interviewee, in the premise that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior, in case of employment (Siegel, 2002). Finally, a letter of hire will be given to the person most qualified for the job. The manpower is maximized by providing an equitable work environment that supports organizational productivity and stability despite individual

Managing Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Managing Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example al behavior motivational strategies that encourage individual or team responsibility for work performance and quality can be said to have the interests of their employees at heart. The paper emphasizes on the motivational techniques applied by the organization, the expectations of the management and the impact of these actions on the employees as well as the organizational productivity. Organizations strive to ensure that employees are aware of the organizational goals to enhance coordination in the workplace. The management tasks are made easy when employees are motivated through understanding the organizational goals. The goal theory postulates that people are motivated when they realize the expectations of the organization (Hitt et al. 2005). It requires that goals are set and employees adequately informed regarding the cause of action and also receive feedback appropriately. However, the question that arises is whether motivating the employees through goal setting is actually on humanistic basis or it is for the benefit of the organization. In essence, the goal of venturing in business is to generate profits for the organization. Employees are facilitators of the accomplishment of organizational goals. Their skills and commitment are required for the organization to remain competent in the operating environment. It is therefore prudent for managers to ensure th at they promote a shared vision, which encourages the employees to own organizational goals. Once they own the goals and increase productivity, the organization gains in terms of profitability and therefore it is capable of offering better compensation packages. From this perspective, the employees are also portrayed as beneficiaries of motivation. In essence, there is usually a reciprocal relationship between the employer and the employees. If the organization does not perform well in the market, there can not be enough finances to cater for employees’ needs. Motivation through reward schemes is also

Titian and Renaissance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Titian and Renaissance - Research Paper Example Venetian reflection of color and a special atmosphere of Venetian style are combined with traditional Renaissance traditions. Titian works are full of emotions; even in his portraits we can see an intense emotional charge. Further on we will focus our attention on his two famous paintings: Portrait of Isabella d’Este and Christ and the Adulteress. These works signify common and different features of Titian paintings and those ones of Leonardo daVinci. We will try to underline common and different features between them, but of course, the main part of our attention concerns Titian paintings and the relevance of his style to the epoch of Renaissance. First of all, we should look for the features of aesthetic in his paintings. Moreover, there is a need to claim that the painter reflected ideally both humans and nature. He was looking for an ideal balance between the nature and the human world. An air of harmony is evident in the paintings of Titian. Christ and Adulteress This pai nting belongs to the High Renaissance period. The theme of adulteress is depicted in a dynamic nature by Titian. It is evident that this painting reflects a changeable and a controversial nature of this situation. We can see gorgeous clothes of the accused woman. This tendency we can also see in other paintings of the painter, because social status of the citizens of the Venetian society. It is very important to underline the contrast of the gorgeous clothes of Jesus Christ, the Adulteress and people around them. His background reflects nature from the remote perspective. We are enchanted by the green landscapes and there are blurred limits of the horizon and it is very interesting to consider the smallest details of the painting. Thus, Titian shows that he is much more concerned about the foreground of the painting (Christ and the Adulteress). The sea and green landscapes, which can be seen at the background of the painting, are of minimal concern for the painter. On the example of the vanishing line of green grass, we can see that the painter does not exactly draw a visible path between individuals, depicted on the painting. There is an evident opposition between the light and darkness of the painting. The building has dark edges and it is especially evident on the background a bright green color. The image of a woman is leaning her head and we can claim that this woman confessed all her mistakes and she seems to be blessed. We can compare this painting with the painting The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci. Emotions are reflected on the faces of people around the table. The same actions are depicted on the painting by Titian. People on the painting are fixed in their certain conditions and emotional states. Therefore, the painting by Titian is an emotionally-charged and rich in color creative work. Portrait of Isabella d’Este We can see an ideal woman. The image of this noble and wealthy woman has been depicted by numerous painters. Therefore, she wa s considered to be an ideal image of a woman during the period of Renaissance. We can claim that the background for this image and her depiction we can see in the works by Petrarch: she has blonde hair, fair skin, beautiful lips and cheeks, and almond-shaped blue-green eyes. Therefore, there was a well-accpeted tendency to depict noble women in the way they liked. They wanted to be ideals and idols of beauty for the painters. There are letters of Isabella d’Este, where she asks for making her portrait and appeals for Master Leonardo da Vinci.

Economic Perspective of the Liancourt Rock Dispute Research Paper

Economic Perspective of the Liancourt Rock Dispute - Research Paper Example The claims of sovereignty over the offshore territory where the islands are lying are mostly triggered by the economic value of the islands and its surrounding amenities. The area was found to be rich in aquatic or marine animals that are a potential source of income. The economic value of the area is said to be realest reason why both countries, Japan and South Korea, are very effortful in acquiring control over these areas. What are Liancourt Rocks? These are actually bundled formations of small islets that are mostly composed of rock formations. For the Japanese, the Islands are called â€Å"Takeshima† and for Koreans, it is called â€Å"Dokno†. These islands are havened in the Sea of Japan. The islands are situated around 87 kilometers in the eastern part of Ulleung Island, a South Korean island; 157 kilometers in the Northwestern portions of Oki Islands in Japan. The area is very pristine and is mostly uninhabited. 2 What are the economic values of Liancourt Rocks? One of the probable reasons of the dispute that led to the conflict between these two nations, with regards to the sovereignty and control over the islets, would be its economic values. ... n this law, â€Å"Parties to UNCLOS are entitled to as much as 200 nautical miles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (equivalent to 370.4 kms), â€Å"..of maritime and jurisdictional exclusivity†. To discuss this topic thoroughly, it is ideal to divide these economic benefits in two: first, the economic benefit brought about by the â€Å"establishment of sovereignty†; second, the natural benefits of the islets, either direct or indirect. First, an establishment of sovereignty over an offshore territory, as stated above, will eventually grant a certain nation a control to the seas that are legally part of their territory and would therefore give them an exclusive economic zone or EZZ. What is exclusive economic zone? This is a right of a country to perform economic operations in different forms like exclusive fishing and mining operations on the seabed. Seen this way, certain holes revealed that these two contesting nations are grimly pouring all their efforts to gain sovereignty over the islets so that they can make use of the islets to boost their economy. This will serve both countries economically. However, this remains an unresolved issue for the mean time for the reason that South Korea and Japan are discussing the arguments with too much friction. 3 What are the economic benefits of EZZ? Certainly, EZZ would bring a great impact to the economy of a certain country. If you cogitate on the idea that a country will have an exclusive access and use on all resources that can be found within the offshore territory, there is a great chance to generate and exhaust these natural resources and be utilized as economic boosters. In 1998, the Korea-japan fisheries agreement had set a parameter that considers the waters surrounding the Liancourt Rocks as a â€Å"neutral territory† which means that in an